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Cronos POS Chain
What is Cronos POS Chain?
Cronos POS is a public, open-source and permissionless chain with high speed and low fees, designed to help drive mass adoption of blockchain technology through use cases like Payments and NFTs. It is used by world-class ecosystem partners like Crypto.com, Ledger, Coinbase, and 100 active validators with a multi-year track record of reliably supporting proof-of-stake networks.
You can get a start and find the user setup guide for mainnet here and read more information about the chain at Cronos POS Chain documents
What is the consensus algorithm used by Cronos POS Chain?
We adopt Tendermint Core as the consensus engine of the Cronos POS Chain. Tendermint is one of the most mature Byzantine-fault tolerant (BFT) consensus engines for building Proof-of-stake (PoS) systems.
What are the rewards for staking CRO?
For active participants of the Cronos POS Chain network during the initial launch phase, the target annual return is targeted to be ~20%. 5 billion CRO has been allocated for distribution as rewards over the next 10 years. Other than that, Validator hosting can also earn commission from their delegators accordingly.
Rewards are being generated and distributed every block (every 5-6 seconds). Therefore, the reward will be ready for you for every block being generated.
How do I stake?
Participants can use our DeFi wallet app - NCW(Non-custodial Wallet), to perform CRO staking. Also, participants can also perform staking by Crypto.com Defi Desktop Wallet. Other than these, participants are always welcome to use chain-maid CLI to perform staking.
Where can I check the details about validators?
The Cronos POS Chain explorer will provide more information regarding the validators in the future. The address search function in the block explorer allows users to search and access any validator’s detail by just inputting any of the information: block, transaction, account, or validator address.
Some other explorers are built by our community members where you can find out the link in the chain Discord channel.
Can I choose the validator to delegate my tokens?
Yes, users can choose a validator for staking of their choices with the Crypto.com Defi desktop wallet and Defi Wallet.
Is there a limited number of validators?
There is a limited number of "active" validators. For our mainnet, the limited number is 100, and only the top 100 validators with the most staking will be considered as "active" and earn rewards.
What is the minimum staking required to be a validator?
There is no minimum stake amount to delegate, and you can always start with 1 CRO.
What is the requirement for being a validator?
For Cronos PoS Chain mainnet, you will need a machine with the following minimum requirements to run different types of nodes:
Archive Node (setting pruning = nothing)
Default Full Node (setting pruning = default)
Pruned Node (setting pruning = everything)
What is the benefit of being the top 100 validator node?
The top 100 validators are considered to be "Active" and earn rewards.
What is the difference between a full node, a validator, and a state-sync node?
A full node stores the whole transaction history. Being a full node, you will be able to read the whole chain transaction history and will need a large hard disk space if you want to keep it running.
A validator is a node able to verify transactions and sign blocks, so they have the ability to validate new transactions that should be added to the chain.
A state-sync node is a node that has been synced using state-sync and does not host a full blockchain database.
What is the difference between a full node and a sentry node?
They are similar, while a sentry node has one or more private peers, and these peers may be validators or other full nodes in the network. A sentry node is meant to provide a layer of security for your validator.
What does the 28-day unbonding period mean?
Your unstaked CRO will be available to you after a 28-day unbonding period, as enforced by the Cronos POS Chain. This is to protect against a Validator attacking the Cronos POS Chain and then immediately withdrawing the stake amount.
Is there a time limit for redelegating? or how often can I redelegate to a new validator?
You can redelegate CRO once every 28 days. Once the tokens enter unbonding period, you will have to wait for 28 days before doing any other operation including redelegating.
Under what circumstances/conditions can a validator become jailed?
Punishments for a validator are triggered when they either make a byzantine fault or become non-live:
Liveness Faults (Low availability)
A validator is said to be non-live when they fail to sign at least 2500 blocks (around 4.2 hrs) in the last 5000 blocks in the mainnet.
Byzantine Faults
A validator is said to make a byzantine fault when they sign conflicting messages/blocks at the same height and round.
Tendermint has mechanisms to publish evidence of validators that signed conflicting votes so they can be punished by the slashing module. For example:
Will my (user) stake/delegation be slashed immediately after a validator becomes jailed?
Yes, the delegation will be slashed immediately after a validator is jailed. The mainnet slashing ratios are:
What happens if the validator is unbonded or jailed?
You will not lose your CRO, if you did not do redelegation in the past 28 days, you can still delegate to an active validator.
How can I check if my node (validator) status has missed any blocks?
You can check the information by command:
chain-maind q slashing signing-info <crocnclconspub address of validator>How can I change the commission rate?
chain-maind tx staking edit-validator --from [wallet] --commission-rate="[rate]" --chain-id "[chain]" --gas-prices 0.1basecroHow can I withdraw commissions from the validator?
chain-maind tx distribution withdraw-rewards [delegator addrs] --from [key] --chain-id "crypto-org-chain-mainnet-1" --gas-prices 0.1basecro --commissionIs there a way to change the details of my validator?
Yes, you can make changes with the "edit_validator" command.
chain-maind tx staking edit-validator --helpHow can I withdraw rewards from delegation?
chain-maind tx distribution withdraw-rewards [delagator] --from [key] --chain-id "crypto-org-chain-mainnet-1" --gas-prices 0.1basecro --commissionError: failed to initialize the database: resource temporarily unavailable
It is usually because the chain-maind is already running or another process is using the port.
You may double-check if another port is running chain-maind, or consider killing chain-maind then chain-maind start again.
How much basecro in 1 CRO?
1 CRO = 10 ^ 8 basecro
Where can I find API-related documentation?
We periodically update the Chain documentation as required. The API documentation is now available here: https://docs.cronos-pos.org/cronos-pos-integration/chain-integration#api-documentation
What is the CRO coin type?
The coin type of CRO is 394, and you can refer to the coin type details at
https://github.com/satoshilabs/slips/blob/master/slip-0044.md
Are rewards and principals separated?
Yes, rewards are separated in the sense that the pending reward will be allocated to the account but separated into different parts.
For example, https://www.mintscan.io/crypto-org/account/cro1u5ryf5jwc2jhd9xyvmasfqzacxp03v8dmly0pc, where we can see that the amounts are separated.
What's the reward redemption time?
The reward is allocated to the account every block as mentioned above, the reward can then be redeemed by a "claim-reward" transaction, and the token will be instantly available right after it has been claimed.
Cronos Chain
What is Cronos Chain? Will Cronos run smart contracts for the Cronos POS Chain in the future?
Cronos is the EVM-compatible chain powered by Ethermint, allowing rapid porting of apps and smart contracts from Ethereum and EVM-compatible chains. It is running in parallel to the Cronos POS Chain.
What is the token for Cronos?
We are planning to use CRO as a native token for Cronos, which brings even more utilities to the CRO token.
Who is currently running as a validator on Cronos?
Cronos runs on Proof of Authority (POA), a more streamlined and scalable consensus mechanism. Currently, validator hosting is by invitation only. As of now, there are 20+ industry partner validators committed to supporting the Cronos chain.
How can I become a Cronos validator?
Anyone can run their own Cronos node (see chain doc at https://docs.cronos.org/for-node-hosts/running-nodes/cronos-mainnet for instructions). However, Cronos Validators are by invitation only at the moment. The application for Cronos validators will not open until further notice. We will make an update once the application opens again.
Feel free to email contact@cronoslabs.org to register your interest.
What is the difference between the network of Cronos, Cronos POS Chain, and Croeseid?
Check out the chain introductions if you would like to read more:
https://docs.cronos.org/getting-started/introduction
https://medium.com/crypto-org-chain/introducing-cassini-the-cronos-incentivised-testnet-fe11a42a623d
https://blog.crypto.com/crypto-com-chain-introduces-croeseid-testnet/
Where can I find RPC URL details for Cronos?
The info is available at Cronos Chain doc:
https://docs.cronos.org/for-dapp-developers/chain-integration/public-rpc-endpoints
What is the chain ID for Cronos Mainnet?
Ethereum Chain ID:
25Cronos Chain ID:
cronosmainnet_25-1How to create a token/project on the Cronos Mainnet? Is there any guide on this?
You can follow this instruction: https://docs.cronos.org/for-dapp-developers/cronos-smart-contract
What is Cronos Primary Address?
Your eth-form-address begins with
0x…. Please make sure you have kept the private key safe and can access the address until any CRO Reward has been distributed and claimed by you.You may refer to this guide to create such an address: https://docs.cronos.org/for-users/metamask
What are the rate limits for the EVM endpoint for Cronos?
Cronos Mainnet: a rate limit is 300 req/min/IP
Cronos Testnet: a rate limit of 500 req/min/IP
If the limit is exceeded, the IP gets blocked for 1 minute. If you need to consistently make more requests than the limits, you may consider setting up your own full node.
If I increase the gas fee, does it help to speed up my transaction?
The current mempool setting works in a first-come-first-serve manner and priority with a gas fee is not supported ( i.e. setting a higher gas fee would not speed up the transaction).
Why cannot I verify the smart contract on Cronos Testnet with hardhat-etherscan verification?
The hardhat-etherscan verification for Cronos testnet seems not ready yet (on the Etherscan side, not the hardhat side), but eventually will be supported.
For Cronos mainnet, users can refer to https://medium.com/cronos-chain/cronos-developer-series-deploy-verify-your-contracts-using-hardhat-8b6ab6928986.
How can I request an alternative/paid RPC for Cronos mainnet other than the existing public one?
You may check out RockX for such a service at https://blog.rockx.com/cronos-future-of-blockchains/. And Moralis now support it too https://medium.com/cronos-chain/announcing-moralis-cronos-integration-and-web3-metaverse-hackathon-339ad3fe1ea3.
What is the difference between using the Cronos Play Gaming SDK and Moralis?
In short, there are more similarities than differences, because a lot of this stuff is based on similar open-source libraries. Both are wrappers that allow developers to abstract away the generic read/write functions that you need when you want your user to interact with an Ethereum-compatible chain.
But Moralis SDK for Unity operates at a higher level of abstraction, meaning that it wraps and integrates more functionalities that you would need, as a developer, to code yourself otherwise. For example, Moralis SDK allows you to easily store your user data in their backend servers, whereas the Cronos Play integration of Chainsafe SDK (for Unity) does not include any backend, it's just a bunch of front-end functions that call a blockchain endpoint directly, with nothing in between.
In summary - as a dev, if you want to rely more on "ready-made" libraries and high levels of abstraction on top of basic Ethereum read/write functions, use Moralis. If you want more control over lower-level code and more granular customization of how blockchain transactions are read and written, use the Chainsafe SDK. You can start with Moralis and switch if you see that you need more customization, as switching is not going to require a complete redesign of your code (the underlying logic is similar).
Are there best practices and security standards that apply to Dapps on Cronos?**
The Cronos team strongly encourages all development teams to follow the best practices summarized at this link.
It will be difficult for us to engage meaningfully with teams who do not publish their code and do not have their smart contracts verified on Cronoscan.
Where can I find a list of available developer tools and integration?
Cronos Dev Tools & Integrations List here:
https://cronos-hq.notion.site/274782b2beb844d4a5332f482cd01a38?v=104c447dcbfd438a83f26eaef9c3437f
How can I connect my Dapp to commonly used crypto wallets like MetaMask, Crypto.com DeFi Wallet, or Trust Wallet?
See this tutorial: https://medium.com/cronos-chain/cronos-developer-series-connect-your-dapp-with-defi-wallet-metamask-and-trust-wallet-77419fe696a5
Login to the Crypto.com DeFi Wallet can be achieved in three ways: via Wallet Connect (desktop, mobile), via the DeFi Wallet’s browser extension (desktop), or via the DeFi Wallet’s Dapp browser (mobile). See below for how to get your Dapp supported by the DeFi Wallet’s in-app browser.
How can I get my project featured in Trust Wallet, once deployed on Cronos?
Trust Wallet supports the Cronos mainnet from within the in-app Dapp browser (via the injected Web3 provider) and also via Wallet Connect.
Furthermore, you can request to have your Dapp and/or token featured in the Trust Wallet’s mobile Dapp browser. Refer to documentation for more details.
How can I get my project listed at cronos.org/ecosystem?
Visit https://cronos.org/ecosystem where you can add your project to the list of Cronos ecosystem projects (click the Submit button).
More FAQs - Cronos ecosystem:
https://cronos-hq.notion.site/Building-on-Cronos-tips-44a6ecade6f74861805c4eac5cf0a27f
Cronos developer series guideposts and secure smart contract guidelines:
How to verify your contracts programmatically on Cronos (using Hardhat)
https://medium.com/cronos-chain/cronos-developer-series-deploy-verify-your-contracts-using-hardhat-8b6ab6928986
https://www.npmjs.com/package/@cronos-labs/hardhat-cronoscan
How to connect your Dapp with DeFi Wallet, MetaMask, and Trust Wallet
https://medium.com/cronos-chain/cronos-developer-series-connect-your-dapp-with-defi-wallet-metamask-and-trust-wallet-77419fe696a5
How to create your NFT collection with Solidity, Typescript, and IPFS
https://medium.com/cronos-chain/cronos-developer-series-create-your-nft-collection-with-solidity-typescript-and-ipfs-9b48f90871b9
Guidelines and tooltips to write secure smart contracts
https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts
Random Number Generation on Cronos with Witnet
https://medium.com/cronos-chain/random-number-generation-on-cronos-with-witnet-8b871beef59b
Croeseid Testnet
What is Croeseid testnet?
The Croeseid testnet is the latest testnet of the Cronos POS Chain which is based on the Cosmos SDK. Detailed information can be found in this link.
What is TCRO?
TCRO is a test token used on the Cronos POS Chain testnet and has no real value.
How do I participate in the Croeseid testnet?
Kindly follow this guide to join Croeseid testnet as a validator/full node.
What are the system requirements for running a node in the Croeseid testnet?
To run Cronos PoS Chain nodes in the testnet, you will need a machine with the following minimum requirements to run different types of nodes:
Archive Node (setting pruning = nothing)
Default Full Node (setting pruning = default)
How do I get test tokens?
To interact with the blockchain, simply use the TCRO Faucet to obtain test CRO tokens for performing transactions on the Croeseid testnet. Note that you will need to create an address before using the faucet.
How long does it take for a node to get back after it is jailed in testnet?
The
downtime_jail_durationis 3600s (1 hour).Token Migration
What is token migration?
Token migration is the process of migrating your CRO (ERC20) on the Ethereum network to CRO on Cronos POS Chain Mainnet. You may read more information here.
Why do I need to migrate and is there a deadline?
The Cronos POS Mainnet is a different blockchain network than the existing CRO (ERC20) on Ethereum. This is the reason why the action of migrating your funds is necessary.
For staking CRO on Cronos POS Chain, you need to stake with native CRO. Please note that CRO (ERC20) is required to be used for the DeFi Swap Protocol that’s built on the Ethereum Blockchain and smart contracts,
Currently, there is no deadline for the migration. We highly recommend the existing CRO holders migrate as soon as possible to enjoy the benefits of the Cronos POS Chain and also stay tuned to our news channel for the latest updates.
How do I migrate my ERC20 CRO to the native CRO on DeFi Wallet? Which migration method is most suitable for me?
There will be multiple ways available for you to migrate CRO to the Mainnet:
Suitable for CRO holders who prefer an easy way to perform the migration. Once you have registered an account, you can deposit your CRO (ERC20) from an external wallet and then withdraw Cronos POS Coin back to your external wallet.
Suitable for non-custodial CRO holders. It is one of the easiest ways to perform migration for non-custodial wallet users. Our in-app CRO Migration Tool allows you to easily convert your ERC20 CRO to native CRO. Native CRO is the native currency of the Cronos POS Chain, which enables near-instant CRO transactions with minimal fees.
Suitable for CRO holders who have previously registered on these exchanges. Please follow the instructions on the specific exchanges for more details.
Suitable for advanced non-custodial wallet users (support MetaMask or Ledger wallet connection). This process involves more complicated steps to perform the migration manually as you might need to generate the native CRO wallet address, so it is recommended for advanced users only.
Useful links
Cronos POS Chain
Website
Chain Documentation
Explorer
Genesis File and Seed Nodes
Substack Blog Post
Medium Blog Post
“Awesome” Community
Developer community Discord
Cosmos SDK documentation
Cosmos Discord
Telegram Announcement Channel
Cronos Chain
Cronos Labs
CronoScan
Cronos in-house Explorer
Chain Documentation
Binaries
Blog Posts
Cronos Ecosystem Grants
Roadmap
Youtube
Building-on-Cronos FAQ
Contact Form
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