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[CVPR 2023 Highlight] InternImage: Exploring Large-Scale Vision Foundation Models with Deformable Convolutions

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INTERN-2.5: Multimodal Multitask General Large Model

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The official implementation of

InternImage: Exploring Large-Scale Vision Foundation Models with Deformable Convolutions.

[Paper] [Blog in Chinese]

Highlights

  • 👍 The strongest open-source visual universal backbone model with up to 3 billion parameters
  • 🏆 Achieved 90.1% Top1 accuracy in ImageNet, the most accurate among open-source models
  • 🏆 Achieved 65.5 mAP on the COCO benchmark dataset for object detection, the only model that exceeded 65.0 mAP

Related Projects

Foundation Models

  • Uni-Perceiver: A Pre-training unified architecture for generic perception for zero-shot and few-shot tasks
  • Uni-Perceiver v2: A generalist model for large-scale vision and vision-language tasks
  • M3I-Pretraining: One-stage pre-training paradigm via maximizing multi-modal mutual information
  • InternVL: The largest open-source vision/vision-language foundation model (14B) to date

Autonomous Driving

  • BEVFormer: A cutting-edge baseline for camera-based 3D detection
  • BEVFormer v2: Adapting modern image backbones to Bird's-Eye-View recognition via perspective supervision

Application in Challenges

News

  • Jan 22, 2024: 🚀 Support DCNv4 in InternImage!
  • Mar 14, 2023: 🚀 "INTERN-2.5" is released!
  • Feb 28, 2023: 🚀 InternImage is accepted to CVPR 2023!
  • Nov 18, 2022: 🚀 InternImage-XL merged into BEVFormer v2 achieves state-of-the-art performance of 63.4 NDS on nuScenes Camera Only.
  • Nov 10, 2022: 🚀 InternImage-H achieves a new record 65.4 mAP on COCO detection test-dev and 62.9 mIoU on ADE20K, outperforming previous models by a large margin.

History

  • Models/APIs for other downstream tasks
  • Support CVPR 2023 Workshop on End-to-End Autonomous Driving, see here
  • Support Segment Anything
  • Support extracting intermediate features, see here
  • Low-cost training with DeepSpeed, see here
  • Compiling-free .whl package of DCNv3 operator, see here
  • InternImage-H(1B)/G(3B)
  • TensorRT inference for classification/detection/segmentation models
  • Classification code of the InternImage series
  • InternImage-T/S/B/L/XL ImageNet-1K pretrained model
  • InternImage-L/XL ImageNet-22K pretrained model
  • InternImage-T/S/B/L/XL detection and instance segmentation model
  • InternImage-T/S/B/L/XL semantic segmentation model

Introduction

"INTERN-2.5" is a powerful multimodal multitask general model jointly released by SenseTime and Shanghai AI Laboratory. It consists of large-scale vision foundation model "InternImage", pre-training method "M3I-Pretraining", generic decoder "Uni-Perceiver" series, and generic encoder for autonomous driving perception "BEVFormer" series.

Applications

🌅 Image Modality Tasks

"INTERN-2.5" achieved an impressive Top-1 accuracy of 90.1% on the ImageNet benchmark dataset using only publicly available data for image classification. Apart from two undisclosed models trained with additional datasets by Google and Microsoft, "INTERN-2.5" is the only open-source model that achieves a Top-1 accuracy of over 90.0%, and it is also the largest model in scale worldwide.

"INTERN-2.5" outperformed all other models worldwide on the COCO object detection benchmark dataset with a remarkable mAP of 65.5, making it the only model that surpasses 65 mAP in the world.

"INTERN-2.5" also demonstrated world's best performance on 16 other important visual benchmark datasets, covering a wide range of tasks such as classification, detection, and segmentation, making it the top-performing model across multiple domains.

Performance

  • Classification
Image Classification Scene Classification Long-Tail Classification
ImageNetPlaces365Places 205iNaturalist 2018
90.161.271.792.3
  • Detection
Conventional Object DetectionLong-Tail Object Detection Autonomous Driving Object DetectionDense Object Detection
COCOVOC 2007VOC 2012OpenImageLVIS minivalLVIS valBDD100KnuScenesCrowdHuman
65.594.097.274.165.863.238.864.897.2
  • Segmentation
Semantic SegmentationStreet SegmentationRGBD Segmentation
ADE20KCOCO Stuff-10KPascal ContextCityScapesNYU Depth V2
62.959.670.386.169.7

🌁 📖 Image and Text Cross-Modal Tasks

Image-Text Retrieval: "INTERN-2.5" can quickly locate and retrieve the most semantically relevant images based on textual content requirements. This capability can be applied to both videos and image collections and can be further combined with object detection boxes to enable a variety of applications, helping users quickly and easily find the required image resources. For example, it can return the relevant images specified by the text in the album.

Image-To-Text: "INTERN-2.5" has a strong understanding capability in various aspects of visual-to-text tasks such as image captioning, visual question answering, visual reasoning, and optical character recognition. For example, in the context of autonomous driving, it can enhance the scene perception and understanding capabilities, assist the vehicle in judging traffic signal status, road signs, and other information, and provide effective perception information support for vehicle decision-making and planning.

Performance

Image CaptioningFine-tuning Image-Text RetrievalZero-shot Image-Text Retrieval
COCO CaptionCOCO CaptionFlickr30kFlickr30k
148.276.494.889.1

Released Models

Open-source Visual Pretrained Models
name pretrain pre-training resolution #param download
InternImage-L ImageNet-22K 384x384 223M ckpt
InternImage-XL ImageNet-22K 384x384 335M ckpt
InternImage-H Joint 427M 384x384 1.08B ckpt
InternImage-G - 384x384 3B ckpt
ImageNet-1K Image Classification
name pretrain resolution acc@1 #param FLOPs download
InternImage-T ImageNet-1K 224x224 83.5 30M 5G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-S ImageNet-1K 224x224 84.2 50M 8G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-B ImageNet-1K 224x224 84.9 97M 16G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-L ImageNet-22K 384x384 87.7 223M 108G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-XL ImageNet-22K 384x384 88.0 335M 163G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-H Joint 427M 640x640 89.6 1.08B 1478G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-G - 512x512 90.1 3B 2700G ckpt | cfg
COCO Object Detection and Instance Segmentation
backbone method schd box mAP mask mAP #param FLOPs download
InternImage-T Mask R-CNN 1x 47.2 42.5 49M 270G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-T Mask R-CNN 3x 49.1 43.7 49M 270G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-S Mask R-CNN 1x 47.8 43.3 69M 340G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-S Mask R-CNN 3x 49.7 44.5 69M 340G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-B Mask R-CNN 1x 48.8 44.0 115M 501G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-B Mask R-CNN 3x 50.3 44.8 115M 501G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-L Cascade 1x 54.9 47.7 277M 1399G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-L Cascade 3x 56.1 48.5 277M 1399G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-XL Cascade 1x 55.3 48.1 387M 1782G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-XL Cascade 3x 56.2 48.8 387M 1782G ckpt | cfg
backbone method box mAP (val/test) #param FLOPs download
InternImage-H DINO (TTA) 65.0 / 65.4 2.18B TODO TODO
InternImage-G DINO (TTA) 65.3 / 65.5 3B TODO TODO
ADE20K Semantic Segmentation
backbone method resolution mIoU (ss/ms) #param FLOPs download
InternImage-T UperNet 512x512 47.9 / 48.1 59M 944G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-S UperNet 512x512 50.1 / 50.9 80M 1017G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-B UperNet 512x512 50.8 / 51.3 128M 1185G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-L UperNet 640x640 53.9 / 54.1 256M 2526G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-XL UperNet 640x640 55.0 / 55.3 368M 3142G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-H UperNet 896x896 59.9 / 60.3 1.12B 3566G ckpt | cfg
InternImage-H Mask2Former 896x896 62.5 / 62.9 1.31B 4635G ckpt | cfg
Main Results of FPS

Export classification model from pytorch to tensorrt

Export detection model from pytorch to tensorrt

Export segmentation model from pytorch to tensorrt

name resolution #param FLOPs batch 1 FPS (TensorRT)
InternImage-T 224x224 30M 5G 156
InternImage-S 224x224 50M 8G 129
InternImage-B 224x224 97M 16G 116
InternImage-L 384x384 223M 108G 56
InternImage-XL 384x384 335M 163G 47

Before using mmdeploy to convert our PyTorch models to TensorRT, please make sure you have the DCNv3 custom operator builded correctly. You can build it with the following command:

export MMDEPLOY_DIR=/the/root/path/of/MMDeploy

# prepare our custom ops, you can find it at InternImage/tensorrt/modulated_deform_conv_v3
cp -r modulated_deform_conv_v3 ${MMDEPLOY_DIR}/csrc/mmdeploy/backend_ops/tensorrt

# build custom ops
cd ${MMDEPLOY_DIR}
mkdir -p build && cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=g++-7 -DMMDEPLOY_TARGET_BACKENDS=trt -DTENSORRT_DIR=${TENSORRT_DIR} -DCUDNN_DIR=${CUDNN_DIR} ..
make -j$(nproc) && make install

# install the mmdeploy after building custom ops
cd ${MMDEPLOY_DIR}
pip install -e .

For more details on building custom ops, please refering to this document.

Citations

If this work is helpful for your research, please consider citing the following BibTeX entry.

@article{wang2022internimage,
  title={InternImage: Exploring Large-Scale Vision Foundation Models with Deformable Convolutions},
  author={Wang, Wenhai and Dai, Jifeng and Chen, Zhe and Huang, Zhenhang and Li, Zhiqi and Zhu, Xizhou and Hu, Xiaowei and Lu, Tong and Lu, Lewei and Li, Hongsheng and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.05778},
  year={2022}
}

@inproceedings{zhu2022uni,
  title={Uni-perceiver: Pre-training unified architecture for generic perception for zero-shot and few-shot tasks},
  author={Zhu, Xizhou and Zhu, Jinguo and Li, Hao and Wu, Xiaoshi and Li, Hongsheng and Wang, Xiaohua and Dai, Jifeng},
  booktitle={CVPR},
  pages={16804--16815},
  year={2022}
}

@article{zhu2022uni,
  title={Uni-perceiver-moe: Learning sparse generalist models with conditional moes},
  author={Zhu, Jinguo and Zhu, Xizhou and Wang, Wenhai and Wang, Xiaohua and Li, Hongsheng and Wang, Xiaogang and Dai, Jifeng},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.04674},
  year={2022}
}

@article{li2022uni,
  title={Uni-Perceiver v2: A Generalist Model for Large-Scale Vision and Vision-Language Tasks},
  author={Li, Hao and Zhu, Jinguo and Jiang, Xiaohu and Zhu, Xizhou and Li, Hongsheng and Yuan, Chun and Wang, Xiaohua and Qiao, Yu and Wang, Xiaogang and Wang, Wenhai and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.09808},
  year={2022}
}

@article{yang2022bevformer,
  title={BEVFormer v2: Adapting Modern Image Backbones to Bird's-Eye-View Recognition via Perspective Supervision},
  author={Yang, Chenyu and Chen, Yuntao and Tian, Hao and Tao, Chenxin and Zhu, Xizhou and Zhang, Zhaoxiang and Huang, Gao and Li, Hongyang and Qiao, Yu and Lu, Lewei and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.10439},
  year={2022}
}

@article{su2022towards,
  title={Towards All-in-one Pre-training via Maximizing Multi-modal Mutual Information},
  author={Su, Weijie and Zhu, Xizhou and Tao, Chenxin and Lu, Lewei and Li, Bin and Huang, Gao and Qiao, Yu and Wang, Xiaogang and Zhou, Jie and Dai, Jifeng},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.09807},
  year={2022}
}

@inproceedings{li2022bevformer,
  title={Bevformer: Learning bird’s-eye-view representation from multi-camera images via spatiotemporal transformers},
  author={Li, Zhiqi and Wang, Wenhai and Li, Hongyang and Xie, Enze and Sima, Chonghao and Lu, Tong and Qiao, Yu and Dai, Jifeng},
  booktitle={ECCV},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2022},
}